Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Rapid modeling of experimental molecular kinetics with simple electronic circuits instead of with complex differential equations

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947508

Figure Lengend Snippet: The basics of a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit fed by a transconductor input. The input current is generated by the transconductor (diamond symbol), i.e., a voltage-controlled current generator that converts the input voltage (V in ) into the input current (I in ) with a conversion factor of k cat . The dynamics of the voltage (V) over the capacitor (C) and the resistor (R) are determined by the input current (I in ) and the current (I d ) through the resistor. Electronic circuit symbols are shown in the green box.

Article Snippet: To draw/construct and simulate such electronic circuits, multiple electronic software packages are widely and easily available, including Cadence (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.), CircuitLab ( https://www.circuitlab.com/ ), or MATLAB Simulink/Simscape Electrical (The MathWorks, Inc.).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Rapid modeling of experimental molecular kinetics with simple electronic circuits instead of with complex differential equations

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947508

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mapping of an elementary biochemical reaction to an equivalent electronic circuit. (A) An example of a simple biochemical reaction wherein substrate S is converted to product P at a rate constant of k c a t (1/s) while the product also decays at a rate constant of 1/r (1/s). (B) A simple RC circuit in the context of the chemical reaction. (C) Translation of electronic variables into biochemical kinetics in a reaction. (D) The same biochemical reaction taking place in a container or a cell with a volume of C. The capacitance of a capacitor is normally set C = 1 A*s/V, which represents a volume-normalized container in a system (per L). Some important equations are summarized in this figure for comparison.

Article Snippet: To draw/construct and simulate such electronic circuits, multiple electronic software packages are widely and easily available, including Cadence (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.), CircuitLab ( https://www.circuitlab.com/ ), or MATLAB Simulink/Simscape Electrical (The MathWorks, Inc.).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Rapid modeling of experimental molecular kinetics with simple electronic circuits instead of with complex differential equations

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947508

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modeling Michaelis-Menten kinetics of enzymatic reactions by simple electronic circuits. (A) A general enzymatic reaction wherein the enzyme E binds to the substrate S, forming an enzyme-substrate complex ES, which converts S to a product P. (B) The electronic circuit exactly describes the kinetics of the enzymatic reaction in (A) . All the math equations describing the voltages and/or currents of the circuit are indicated near the corresponding nodes. The dashed lines are wires connecting the same voltage between two nodes/components in the circuit and have no current running through them. The voltages labeled with the same names indicate that they have the same values. The voltages are mainly for math calculations such as calculating the mass conservation of a reagent via the adder/subtracter blocks, or multiplying two concentrations via a multiplier block. They are also used as inputs to voltage-dependent current generators (transconductors, the diamond symbols) to control their output currents. (C) Electronic symbols used in the circuits in addition to the symbols from . (D) The Michaelis-Menten circuit of (A) , but with a steady-state approximation such that the [ES] capacitor is removed. Since the capacitor has been removed, resistors are directly related to steady-state Michaelis-Menten constants only and do not affect dynamic parameters like time constants. In this case, the resistor R = 1 /K m (Ω) and K m are in the standard molar concentration unit, M.

Article Snippet: To draw/construct and simulate such electronic circuits, multiple electronic software packages are widely and easily available, including Cadence (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.), CircuitLab ( https://www.circuitlab.com/ ), or MATLAB Simulink/Simscape Electrical (The MathWorks, Inc.).

Techniques: Labeling, Blocking Assay, Control, Concentration Assay